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Concerning the bi-literal cypher of Francis Bacon discovered in his works

Elizabeth Wells Gallup (1846–1933)

History - British6 min read·1,366 words

A bold investigation claims that the Shakespearean canon hides a secret, encoded history, suggesting that Francis Bacon used a sophisticated typographical puzzle to reveal his true identity as a royal heir.

In Short

This work is a detailed, controversial presentation of a "bi-literal cipher" allegedly embedded within the italicized text of Elizabethan-era books. The author argues that Francis Bacon, seeking to preserve forbidden truths about his royal birth and secret literary contributions, utilized a system of varying typefaces to encode hidden narratives. Part investigative report and part defense against contemporary critics, the book documents the methods for extracting these stories, including dramatic tragedies. It remains a significant, if contentious, artifact in the history of the Baconian authorship theory, preserved for its unique intersection of cryptographic ambition and literary obsession.

The Story

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The narrative arc of the book begins with the premise that history has been fundamentally misunderstood. The author posits that the "Virgin Queen," Elizabeth I, was secretly wed to Robert, Earl of Leicester, and that Francis Bacon was their biological son. According to this theory, Bacon, fearing for his life and position in a dangerous political climate, encoded this secret history—and much more—into the very typefaces of books published during his lifetime. This system, identified as the "bi-literal cipher," is described as a method Bacon invented in his youth, utilizing two different fonts of italic letters to convey a secondary message.

As the argument unfolds, the scope of the discovery expands. The author claims that the bi-literal cipher acts as a key to a far broader and more complex "word cipher." This secondary system, allegedly running through the entire corpus of Bacon’s works—including the plays attributed to William Shakespeare, as well as works by Marlowe, Spenser, and Burton—allows for the reconstruction of hidden dramas and historical accounts. The author describes the laborious process of isolating these fragments and piecing them together into new, coherent sequences.

The story culminates in the presentation of these "recovered" texts, such as the Tragedy of Anne Boleyn. Within these deciphered pages, the author finds a Bacon who is not merely a philosopher but a tragic royal prince, denied his birthright and forced to live a life of masks. The cipher, as presented, provides his personal justifications for not seizing the throne and his profound remorse over the fate of his brother, the Earl of Essex, who attempted a failed rebellion.

The latter half of the book shifts from discovery to defense. The author addresses a wave of skepticism from critics, scholars, and editors who dismiss the findings as imaginative projections. She methodically engages with accusations of linguistic inconsistency, orthographic errors, and the alleged imitation of other poets in her reconstructed texts. She maintains a stance of objective detachment, insisting that she is merely the conduit for information already present in the source material. The book concludes by doubling down on the validity of the research, framing the cipher as a profound, long-buried truth that, despite the "fearful cost" of public ridicule, must be brought to light for the sake of historical accuracy.

How It Unfolds

The foundational theory The author introduces the bi-literal cipher as a technical system explained by Bacon himself in De Augmentis Scientiarum. She argues that by carefully examining the italic letters in original 16th and 17th-century editions, one can distinguish between two distinct founts of type that represent a hidden binary code.

The scope of the concealment The text details a vast bibliography of early editions held in private and public libraries, ranging from The Faerie Queene to the Shakespeare First Folio. These volumes are presented as the physical vessels for the secrets Bacon left behind for a future, more enlightened age.

The reconstruction of history The author illustrates how to extract specific narratives by following the instructions found within the bi-literal messages. She demonstrates the "word cipher" method, describing how scattered fragments are brought together to form new plays and personal diaries.

The confrontation with skeptics The book transitions into a series of replies to contemporary critics, including those in the London press who challenged the method's accuracy. The author defends her interpretations against claims that the reconstructed text is merely an invention or a pastiche of later writers like Alexander Pope.

The final assertion of truth The concluding sections serve as a manifesto for the validity of the findings. The author reaffirms her commitment to the discovery, asserting that the evidence is as real as the stars and that the burden of proof now rests upon those who refuse to examine the primary texts.

The People

Francis Bacon stands as the central, tragic architect of the entire enterprise. As presented here, he is a man of intellectual genius who lives a double life, balancing his public role as a philosopher and statesman against his secret existence as a disinherited prince. His desire for safety and intellectual legacy drives him to create the ciphers, while his remorse over the death of his brother, the Earl of Essex, and his unrequited love for Marguerite of Navarre, color the hidden narratives he leaves behind.

Elizabeth I appears as the elusive, powerful matriarch whose secret marriage and motherhood define the core of the hidden history. Her presence is the shadow over Bacon’s life; the secrecy surrounding her reign necessitates the very ciphers that reveal his true identity.

Elizabeth Wells Gallup serves as the determined, tireless investigator. Her primary motivation is the vindication of the cipher as a legitimate historical tool. She stands in opposition to critics like Mr. Marston and Mr. Sidney Lee, who view her work as a "mattoidal" obsession. Throughout the book, she evolves from a mere researcher into a staunch defender of her findings, facing public scrutiny with a mix of academic rigor and personal conviction.

In Its Own Voice

"It also discloses the existence of a second so-called Key-Word Cipher, of broader scope, running through all of Bacon’s literary works, with instructions by which they may be deciphered to disclose other hidden dramatical and historical productions."

This statement summarizes the author’s primary claim regarding the extent and purpose of Bacon's hidden literary system.

"The joy of life ebb’d from our hearts with our parting, and it never came againe into this bosom in full flood-tide."

This line is provided as an example of the personal, emotional content allegedly extracted from the cipher, referring to Bacon’s youthful love for Marguerite.

What It's Really About

The book is fundamentally an argument for the "Baconian" authorship of the Elizabethan canon and a radical revision of royal history. It probes the tension between official, recorded history and a suppressed, "true" narrative that the author believes was deliberately hidden in plain sight. At its core, it examines the power of the printed word to act as a permanent, albeit obscured, archive. It asks whether genius can be contained within a systematic puzzle and whether an author’s true life—the "inner chamber of the heart"—can only be accessed through the decoding of art rather than the reading of biography. It is a work about the limits of human perception and the desire to uncover hidden truth.

Why Read It Today

Readers interested in the history of cryptographic theories, early modern literature, or the enduring "Shakespeare authorship" controversy will find this volume a primary source for one of the most elaborate intellectual pursuits of the turn of the 20th century. Reading it is an immersion into a dense, obsessive world; the prose is formal, reflective, and deeply invested in the technical minutiae of printing types. It is not an easy read—the language of the deciphered fragments is an attempt at Elizabethan archaism, and the author’s defensive tone reflects the intense academic friction of her era.

However, there is a certain haunting quality to the author's devotion. Whether one finds the cipher plausible or a complete hallucination, the book captures a unique moment where the spirit of scientific discovery and the romanticization of the past collided. What stays with the reader is the image of the author, working in the quiet of a library, convinced she is hearing the voice of a long-dead genius speaking through the very shape of the letters on a page. It is a fascinating study in how people attempt to find hidden meaning in the static of history, and it serves as a testament to the power of a story, once believed, to consume the one who tells it.

This summary was written by AI (gemini-3.1-flash-lite) on 2026-08-20 and is a guide to the book, not a replacement for it — it can be incomplete or wrong. The book itself is public domain. Copyright & AI disclosure · Report a problem

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